A Review on Manihot esculenta Species

Abstract

Manihot esculenta, which is commonly known as Cassava, is a woody shrub that provides a high source of carbohydrate. It is an annual crop native to tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Nigeria is the largest producer of the cassava plant. The parts of the plant like leaves, roots, stems, etc. are consumed in a variety of ways as they have been shown to possess activities like analgesic, anti-inflammatory anti-helmentic, anti-diabetic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, relaxing, antimutagenic, and anti-cancer. Calories, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, phosphorus, iron, vitamin B, vitamin C, and starch are among the nutrients found in the plant. The leaves contain vitamin A, vitamin B1, calcium, iron, phosphorus, fat, starch, calories, and proteins. The stem also consists of enzymes, calcium oxalate, tannins and peroxidase. The cassava plant is also rich in saponin, flavonoid, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals. In many regions of the world, it is widely considered as a medicinal plant. The extract of leaves shows a promising antidiarrheal activity. It is also used for the treatment of many infectious diseases. The roots of cassava are eaten raw, boiled, and even used as an alternative to wheat flour in the processes of baking. The pesticidal activity of Manihot esculenta has also been determined and the results suggested that the plant also has pesticidal activity. The leaves act as a natural remedy and the extract helps in skincare and healing. It is also an excellent wound healing remedy as it contributes to wound repair, cell replacement, bone health, memory enhancement, and the body's metabolic function.