Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Comparative Studies on Phytochemical and Antioxidative Properties of Locally Available Herbal Flowers: A Review
Abstract
Flowers are the reproductive parts of plant. Apart from their aesthetic sense, they have medicinal and nutritive properties also. The present review study represent the therapeutic values and phytochemical properties of Joba (Hibiscus sp.), Rose (Rose sp.), Aparajita (Citoria sp.), Nayantrara or Sadabahar (Catharanthus sp.), Lotus (Nelumbo sp.), Dopati (Impaticus sp.) which are also used in Ayurveda and Siddha system of medicine. India is a rich flora of medicinal plants. Since ancient times flowers are used as decorative, ornamental, for cooking, medicinal, skin care and main ingredient for worship of God. Several chapters like Bhavaprakasha Nighantu in ancient texts of India are specially dedicated to flowers. Uses of these flowers are economically very cheap. These flowers have a natural geographical habitat in India. There are so many research work on medicinal plants and herbs, but the phytotherapeutic nature of the flowers are not widely known. Flowers are not only the ornamental part of plants, they also serve as a potential source of functional ingredient of therapeutic properties. They are rich in antioxidants, and possess antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic potentiality in many aspect. Sometimes their use in household purpose shows effective results. In pharmaceutical industries, the bioactive compounds of flowers are accumulated for the production of life saving drugs. Phytochemicals such as β-sitosterol, kaempferol (80%), quercetin, geranyl acatete (15.6%), phenyl ethanol (43%) are abundantly present in these seasonal flowers. The present study was totally based on several literature surveys to understand the comprehensive knowledge regarding the use of these flowers in the treatment of various diseases such as diabetes (Catharanthus sp., Nelumbo sp., Hibiscus sp.), hypertention (Hibiscus sp.), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease (Clitoria sp.), skin disease (Rosa sp.), burning (Impaticus sp.) etc. The purpose of the present review article was to summarize the pharmacology and phytochemistry of these common garden flowers which are helpful to find out the missing link for future investigations on the therapeutic potentiality through clinical trials. Thus, the biomedicinal advantages of the flowers of Hibiscus sp., Clitoria sp., Rose sp., Catharanthus sp., Nelumbo sp., Impaticus sp. would be socio-economically fruitful for the different sectors of human society.
Keywords
References
Uniyal KS, Singh KN, Jamwal P, Lal B. Traditional use of medicinal plants among the tribal communities of Chhota Bhangal, Western Himalaya. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006; 2(14): 1–8p.
Shubhashree MN, Shantha TR, Ramarao V, Reddy PM, Venkateshwarlu G. A Review on Flowers Depicted Classical Texts of Ayurveda and Sidda. Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine. 2015; 21: 1–14p.
Bhujbal RSV, Sangram A. Review of Medicinal Flowers in India. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 2009; 6(7): 306–316p.
Missoum A. An update review on Hibiscus rosa sinensis phytochemistry and medicinal uses. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine. 2018; 4(3): 135–146p.
Pekamwar SS, Kalyankar TM, Jadhav AC. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: A Review on Ornamental Plant. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2013; 2(6): 4719–4727p.
Vasudeva N, Sharma SK. Biologically Active Compounds from the Genus Hibiscus. Pharmaceutical Biology. 2008; 46(3): 145–153p.
Singh P, Khan MH, Hailemariam H. Nutritional and Health Importance of Hibiscus sabdariffa: A Review and Indication for Research Needs. Journal of Nutritional Health and Food Engineering. 2017; 6(5): 00212.
Jadhav VM, Thorat RM, Kadam VJ, Sathe NS. Hibiscus rosa sinensis Linn- “Rudrapuspa”: A Review. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 2009; 2(7): 1168–1173p.
Rao BN, Kumari OS, Reddy KV. Phyto-Chemical Analysis and Anti-microbial Activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015; 4(5): 766–771p.
Nayak BS, Raju SS, Orette FA, Rao AVC. Effects of Hibiscus rosa sinensis L (malvaceae) on would healing activity: a preclinical study in a Sprague Dawley rat. The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds. 2007; 6(2): 76–81p.
Kalu UA, Henry II, Chukwemeka EO, Priscilla IE, Adamma RA, Nwabunwanne VO, Kalu AA, Chukwuemeka SM. Effect of Hibiscus tea consumption on the renal functions of apparently healthy students of College of Health Sciences and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambre State, Nigeria. International Journal of Trend in Research and Development. 2018; 5(1): 230–236p.
Mahboubi M. Rosa damascene as Holy Ancient Herb with Novel Applications. Journal of Traditional & Complementary Medicine. 2016; 6(1): 10–16p.
Mahabob NM, Mohon J, Gunasekarna S. Uses of Medicinal Values of Rosa demacena mill in Dentistry-A review. World Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Research. 2018; 4(2): 92–94p.
Boskabady HM, Shafei NM, Saberi Z, Amin S. Pharmacological effects of Rosa demascena. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2011; 14(4): 295–307p.
Jitendra J, Vineeta T, Ashok K, Brijesh K, Singh P. Rosa centifolia: plant review. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry. 2012; 2(3): 794–796p.
Mohebitabar S, Shirazi M, Bioos S, Rahimi R, Malekshahi F, Nejatbakhsh F. Therapeutic efficacy of rose oil: A comprehensive review of clinical evidence. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine. 2017; 7(3): 206–213p.
Loghmani-Khouzani H, Sabzi-Fini O, Safari J. Essential oil composition of Rosa demascena Mill cultivated in Central Iran. Scientia Iranica. 2007; 14: 316–319p.
Ashokrao PT, Kiran D, Suryawaanshi MN. A Brief Review of Therapeutic effects of- “Ornamental Plants” Rose. International Journal Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2017; 5(12): 46–52p.
Khan AM, Rehman US. Extraction and Analysis of Essential oil of Rosa species. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2005; 7(6): 973–974p.
Bishoyi AK, Geetha KA. Polymorphism in flower colour and petal type in Aparajita (Clitoria ternatea). Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 2012; 3(2): 12–14p.
Zingare ML, Zingare PL, Dubey AK, Ansari MA. Clitoria ternatea (Aparajita): A Review of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Hepatoprotective Potentials. International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 2013; 3(1): 203–213p.
Panda S. A mini-review on Non–Caffeinated Blue Tea. International Journal of Innovative Research in Engineering and Multidisciplinary. 2018; 6(4): 710–713p.
Kumar S, Kumar A, Singh AK. Scientific Basis for the Therapeutic use of Clitoria ternatea linn. (Aprajita): A Review. International Journal of Applied and Pure Science and Agriculture. 2016; 2(4): 180–187p.
Singh NK, Gupta JK, Shah K, Mishra P, Tripathi A, Chauhan N, Upmanyu N. A Review on Clitoria ternatea (Linn.). Chemistry and Pharmacology. India: OMICS Group e-Books; 2017. 12p.
Kosai P, Sirisidthi K, Jiraungkoorskul K, Jiraungkoorskul W. Review on ethnomedicinal uses of memory boosting herb, Butterfly Pea, Clitoria ternatea. Journal of Natural Remedies. 2015; 15(2): 71–76p.
Kaushik S, Tomar RS, Gupta M, Mishra RK. An overview of Catharanthus roseus and medicinal properties of their metabolites against important diseases. European Academic Research. 2017; 5(2): 1237–1247p.
Mishra JN, Verma NK. A brief on Catharanthus roseus: A review. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 2(2): 20–23p.
Nayak B, Pereira LMP. Catharanthus roseus flower extract has wound healing activity in Sprague Dawley rats. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies. 2006; 6(41): 1–6p.
Sen MK, Mamun-Or-Rashid ANM, Towfique NM. Ethnomedical Profiles of Different Plants parts of Catharanthus roseus L. A review. Journal of Drug Discovery & Therapeutics. 2013; 1(4): 01–07p.
Sutrisn EM. Catharanthus roseus (Tapak Dara): A controversial medicinal plant in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 2015; 6(5): 629–633p.
Arora R, Malhotra P, Mathur AK, Mathur A, Govil AV, Ahuja PS. Anticancer Alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus: Transition from traditional to Modern Medicine. Herbal Medicine: A Cancer Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Perspective. 2009; 21: 292–310p.
Gomaa SE, Yahayu M, Nurjayadi M, Dailin JD, Enshasy H. Antimicrobial Compounds from Catharanthus roseus- A review. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research. 2019; 8(10): 113–121p.
Hazarika P, Ahmad F, Kamal A, Ananya S. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties in Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. 2016; 39(1): 19–25p.
Sheikh AS. Ethno-medicinal uses and pharmacological activities of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2014; 2(6): 42–46p.
Buddhadev SG, Buddhadev SS. Nelumbo nucifera: The Phytochemical Profile and Traditional Uses. An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014; 5(3): 1–12p.
Mitra B, Kapoor LD. Kamala- The national flower of India – Its Ancient History and Uses in Indian Medicine. Central Council for Research in Indian Medicine and Homoeopathy Unit. 1975; 11(2): 125–132p.
Lin Z, Zhang C, Cao D, Damaris R, Yang, P. The latest studies on Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera)-an emerging horticultural model plant. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(15): 1–16p.
Mukharjee PK, Balasubramanian R, Saha K, Saha BP. A review of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Ancient Science of Life. 1996; 15: 268–276p.
Singh P, Singh R, Sati N, Ahluwalia V, Sati PO. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Significance of Genus: Impatiens. International Journal of Life Sciences Scientific Research. 2017; 39(1): 868–881p.
Shah NK, Verma P, Suhagia B. A phyto-pharmacological overview on Jewel weed. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 7(08): 246–252p.
Pal S, Singh AK, Sisodia A, Pal AK, Tiwari A. Evaluation of double whorled balsam (Impatiens balsamina L.) genotype for growth, flowering and seed attributes. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 2018; 7(2): 2901–2904p.
Hopkins LA, Lamm GM, Funk J, Ritenbaugh C. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in the treatment of hypertension and hyperlipidemia: a comprehensive review of animal and human studies. National Institute of Health Sciences. 2013; 85: 84–94p.
Varghese A, Meenu B, Neeraja ED, Rejimon G. Impaties balsamina: an overview. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 7(9): 16–21p.
Vinokur Y, Victor R, Reznick N, Goldman G. Rose petal tea as an antioxidant-rich beverage: cultivar effects. Journal in Food Science. 2006; 71: 42–47p.
Lakshan SAT, Pathirana CK, Jayanath NY, Abeysekara WPKM. Antioxidant and selected chemical properties of the flowers of three different varieties of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatiea L). Ceylon Journal of Science. 2020; 49(2): 195–201p.
Gollen B, Mehla J, Gupta P. Clitoria ternatea Linn: A Herb with Potential Pharmacological Activities: Future Prospects as Therapeutic herbal Medicine. Journal of Pharmacological Reports. 2018; 3(1): 1–9p.
Saha N, Bhattacharjee S. Prepration and Pharmacognostic evaluation of Sandesh, an Indian sweet dairy product, using natural colorant from Clitoria ternatea (Aparajita) flower. International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition. 2018; 3(2): 19–24p.
Rabeta MS, An Nabil Z. Total phenolic compounds and scavenging activity in Clitoria ternatea and Vitex negundo linn. International Food Research Journal. 2013; 20(1): 495–500p.
Shoba V. Ethnobotanical and Phyto Pharmacological Activites of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)- A detailed review. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2017; 4(12): 4979–4986p.
Mehta NR, Patel EP, Patani PV, Shah B. Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus): A review on Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research. 2013; 1(4): 152–167p.
Krishnamoorthy G, Chellappan DR, Joseph J, Ravindhram D, Shabi MM, Uthrapathy S, Rajamanickan VG, Dubey GP. Antioxidant acitivity of Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn) flowers in isolated perfused rat kidney. Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy. 2008; 19(1B): 224–229p.
Mitra S, Sundaram R, Venkataranganna M. Anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and Antimicrobial activity of ophthcare brand, an herbal eye drops. Phytomedicine. 2000; 7: 123–127p.
Nejat N, Valdiani A, Cahill D, Tan YH, Moziah M, Abiri R. Ornamental Exterior versus Therapeutic Interior of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): The Two Faces of a Versatile Herb. UK: Hindwai Publishing Corporation; 2015. 19p.
Lahare RP, Yadav HS, Dashahre AK, Bisen YK. An updated review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Catharanthus roseus. Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2020; 6(12): 759–766p.
Dhanarasu S, Hazimi AAl. Phytochemistry, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Applications of Nelumbo nucifera. Asian Journal of Phytomedicine and Clinical Research. 2013; 1(2): 123–136p.
Salib JY, Daniel EN, Hifnawy MS, Azzam SM, Shaheed IB, Abdel, Latif SM. Polyphenolic compounds from flower of Hibiscus rosa sinensis linn. and their inhibitory effect on alkaline phsophatase enzyme in vitro. Journal of Biosciences. 2014; 66(9–10): 453–459p.
Goldberg HK, Yin CA, Mupparapu A, Retzbach PE, Goldberg SG, Yang FC. Components in aqueous Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flower extract inhibit in vitro melanoma cell growth. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine. 2017; 7: 45–49p.
Nair R, Kalariya T, Chanda S. Antibacterial Activity of Some Selected Indian Medicinal Flora. Turkish Journal of Biology. 2005; 29: 41–47p.
Kasture VS, Chopde CT, Deshmukh VK. Anticonvulsive activity of Albizzia lebbeck, Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Butea monosperma in experimental animals. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2000; 71: 65–75p.
Prabsattroo T, Wattanathron J, Somsapt P, Sritragool O. Positive modulation of Pink Nelumbo nucifera flowers on memory impairment, Brain damage and biochemical profile in restraint rats. UK: Hidawi Publishing Corporation; 2016. 11p.
Kumar D, Arya V, Kaur R, Ali BZ, Gupta KV, Kumar V. A review of immunomodulators in the Indian traditional Health care System. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2011; 45: 165–184p.
Etheridge JC, Derbyshire JE. Hibiscus Tea and Health: A scoping Review of Scientific Evidence. Nutrition and Food Technology. 2020; 6(2): 1–8p.
Haze S, Sakai K, Gozu Y. Effects of fragrance inhalation on sympathetic activity in normal adults. Japanese Journal of Pharmacology. 2002; 90: 247–253p.
Ghosh A, Dutta A. Antidiabetic effects of ethanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis (L) on alloxn induced diabetes in hyperlipidemic experimental Wister rats (WNIN). International Journal of Engineering Development and Research. 2017; 5(4): 674–679p.
Sinzato KY, Moreas-Souza RQ, Soares ST, Campos KE, Fujiwara RT, Herrera E, Damasceno CD, Volpato TG. Beneficial effects of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. flower aqueous extract in pregnant rats with diabetes. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12(6): 1–15p.
Rana TS, Singh KK, Rao RR. Studies on Indigenous herbal remedies for diabetes mellitus in India: Ethnobotany and medicinal plants of Indian subcontinent. New Delhi, India: Maheshwari Scientific Publications; 2003. 118p.
Daisy P, Rajathi M. Hypoglycemic Effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. (Fabaceae) in Alloxan – induced Diabetes in Rats. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2009; 8(5): 393–398p.
Ahmad MF, Kazin SM, Ghori SS, Mahjabeen SS, Ahmad SR, Ali SM, Ibrahim M. Antidiabetic Activity of Vinca rosea extracts in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. International Journal of Endocrinolog. 2010; 2010: 6p.
Sumanasinghe BGSM, Nishteswar K, Bhuvad BS. Ethnomedicinal Claims and Pharmacological Studies of Clitoria ternatea Linn: A review. An International Peer Reviewed Ayurved Jounal. 2015; 2(6): 01–12p.
Pahune B, Niranjane K, Danao K, Bodhe M, Rokade V. Antimicrobial Activity of Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract and use as a natural indicator in acid base titration. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resources. 2013; 3(2): 48–51p.
Venkatesh B, Dorai A. Antibacterial and Antioxidant potential of white and pink Nucifera Gaertin flowers. International Conference on Biosciences, Biochemistry and Bioinformatic. 2011; 2: 213–217p.
Brindha D, Arthi D. Antimicrobial activity of white and pink Nelumbo nucifra Gaertn flowers. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care. 2010; 2(2): 147–155p.
Hee Y, Kim IH, Seo JJ, Kim JK. Tyrosinase inhibitor from the flowers of Impatiens balsamina. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2006; 16(12): 1977–1983p.
Shen H, Zheng Y, Chen R, Huang X, Shi G. Neuropeitective effects of quercetion 3-O-sophoroside from Hibiscus 75. Rosa-sinensis Linn. On scopolamine –induced amnesia in mice. Journal of Functional Food. 2021; 75: 1–12p.
Joshi H, Parle M. Nootropic Activity of Calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. Iranin- Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2006; 5(1): 15–20p.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science