Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Study of Fresh Water and Salt Water in Bayelsa State

Uku Eruni Philip

Abstract


The purpose of the research was to examine various types of saltwater and freshwater fish found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is a significant area in Nigeria known for its numerous bodies of water, including rivers, lakes, streams, and creeksThere is a wide variety of fish in these freshwater settings in the area, including Clarias gariepinus, Pila ovate, Labeo coubie, Synodontis budgetti, and Synodontis eupterus. The Niger Delta is home to a variety of freshwater environments in addition to a wide marine ecology that supports a variety of fish species, including Elops lacerta, Mugil cephalus, Thais coronata, Periophthalmus papilio, Tympanotonus fuscatus, and Sardinella maderensis.Regrettably, many of these fish species are currently at risk of extinction due to ongoing pollution in the coastal environment of the Niger Delta region. Consequently, it is crucial to document the presence of these freshwater and marine fish species. This documentation will serve as a valuable resource for both academic and research institutions, should any of these fish species face the threat of extinction in the future.The purpose of the research was to examine various types of saltwater and freshwater fish found in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The Niger Delta is a significant area in Nigeria known for its numerous bodies of water, including rivers, lakes, streams, and creeksThere is a wide variety of fish in these freshwater settings in the area, including Clarias gariepinus, Pila ovate, Labeo coubie, Synodontis budgetti, and Synodontis eupterus. The Niger Delta is home to a variety of freshwater environments in addition to a wide marine ecology that supports a variety of fish species, including Elops lacerta, Mugil cephalus, Thais coronata, Periophthalmus papilio, Tympanotonus fuscatus, and Sardinella maderensis.Regrettably, many of these fish species are currently at risk of extinction due to ongoing pollution in the coastal environment of the Niger Delta region. Consequently, it is crucial to document the presence of these freshwater and marine fish species. This documentation will serve as a valuable resource for both academic and research institutions, should any of these fish species face the threat of extinction in the future.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abam, T.K.S. (1999). Dynamics and Quality of Water Resources in the Niger Delta proceedings of impact of urban growth on groundwater Symposium, HSS Birmingham. IAHS Publ 259: 429-437.

Ajonina, G., Diamé, A. & Kairo, J. (2008).Current Status and Conservation of Mangroves in Africa: An Overview. World Rainforest Move Bill. Pp: 130 -133.

Akachi, O. (2011). Social Consequences of Environmental Change in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Journal Sustainable Development; 4(2) pp 123-135.

Allen, J.R.L. (I965). Coastal Geomorphology of the Eastern Nigerian Beach Ridges and Vegetated Tidal Flats. Geology and Mining, Mijabonw 44: 2-20.

Amadi, P. A., Ofoegbu, C. O., & Morrison, T. (1989). Hydrogeochemical assessment of groundwater quality in parts of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, 14, 195-202.

Amajor, L. C. (1986). Geochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Port Harcourt and its Environs. Proc Int’l Symposium on Groundwater Resources of Nigeria, Lagos, pp. 358-375.

Amajor, L. C., & Ofoegbu, C. O. (1989). Determination of Polluted Aquifers by Stratigraphically Controlled Biochemical Mapping: Example from the Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. Groundwater and mineral resources of Nigeria: Braunschweig, Friedr Vieweg and Sohn, 61-74.

American Public Health Association (APHA) (1995) American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st edn), American Public Health Association, Washington, USA.

American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Pollution Federation (WPCF) (1985) Standard Methods for the examination of Water and Waste water (16th edn), Washington, USA, pp. 1260-1268.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1998) Standard Practice for Calculation and Adjustment of the Langelier Saturation Index for Reverse Osmosis. D3739-D3794.

American Society Testing Materials (ASTM) (1969) Manual on Water. (4th edn), Hamilton, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. pp. 171-227

American Water Works Association (1971) Water quality and treatment. Mc Graw-Hill. New York, USA. pp. 654.

Angaye, T. C., Ohimain, E. I., & Mieyepa, C. E. (2015). The Potability of Groundwater in Bayelsa State, Central Niger Delta Nigeria: A Review. Journal of Environmental Treatment Techniques, 3(2), 127-135.

Chapman, D. (1996). Water Quality Assessments. A guide to use biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring (2nd edn), University Press, Cambridge, London.

Davis, S. N., & DeWiest, R. J. M. (1966). Hydrogeology John Wiley Sons New York NY.

Duran, A., Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2008). Trace element levels in some dried fruit samples from Turkey. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59(7-8), 581-589.

Etu-Efeotor JO, Akpokodje EG (1990) Aquifer Systems of the Niger Delta. Journal Mining and Geology 26: 279-284.

Freeze, R. A. and Cherry, A. J. (1979). Groundwater. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA. pp. 604.

Hwang, J. Y., Park, S., Kim, H. K., Kim, M. S., Jo, H. J., Kim, J. I., & Kim, T. S. (2017). Hydrochemistry for the assessment of groundwater quality in Korea. Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment, 6(01), 1.

Nwankwoala, H. O. (2011). Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Bayelsa State, Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. IUP Journal of Soil & Water Sciences, 4(4).

Nwankwoala, H. O. (2013). Evaluation of Hydrochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, pp. 294.

Nwankwoala, H. O. and Daniel T. E. (2016). Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Groundwater in Ogbia, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Groundwater Research 5(2): 1-15.

Nwankwoala, H. O. and Udom, G. J. (2011) Hydrochemical evaluation of groundwater in parts of Eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. Journal of Academic and Applied Sciences 1(2): 33-58.

Nwankwoala, H. O., Udom, G. J., Ugwu, S. A., (2011) Some heavy metal investigations in groundwater sources in Yenegoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Technology in Environmental Sanitation 1(2): 163-170.

Ofoma, A. E., Omologbe, D. A., & Aigberua, P. (2005). Physico-chemical quality of groundwater in parts of Port Harcourt City, eastern Niger Delta, Nigeria. Water Resources, 16, 18-24.

Okonkwo, C.N.P., Kumar, L. & Taylor S. (2015). The Niger Delta Wetland Ecosystem: What Threatens it and Why Should We Protect it? African Journal Environmental Science Technology; 9(5) pp: 451-463.

World Health Organization (2011) Guidelines for drinking water quality criteria (4th edn), Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 307-441.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.