Herbicide Resistance in Relation to Weed Management in Crops and Cropping Systems in Reference to North East: Review

Abstract

Abstract

Weeds are one of the greatest limiting factors to efficient crop production. As a consequence of structural and financing problems the cultural condition of the soil deteriorates and weeds proliferate; many species are hard to kill. Therefore, for sustaining food grain production to feed ever-increasing population and ensuring food security, effective weed management is very essential. Despite advances in control technologies, weeds have retained their rank as the most damaging of crop pests because weed communities continue to adapt in response to new management measures. About 33% of crop loss is because of weed infestation. Changes in weed community composition are the result of selection pressures imposed by agronomic practices. The development of herbicide tolerant crops has been a major advance in weed control. Herbicide resistance is now widely recognized as the result of the adaptive evolution of weed populations to the intense selection pressure exerted by herbicides. To overcome the problem of herbicide resistance, sole dependence on herbicides will not entertain proper weed management. Integration of various weed management practices have to be undertaken which includes practices like crop rotation, mulching, tillage practices, use of allelochemicals, bioagents and many more. It has been found that zero tillage in wheat lowers the P. minor infestation. Crop rotation reduces the weed density than in monoculture crop system. Along with mechanical weed management, biological agents in weed management significantly reduce weed densities in a manner that is similar to use of chemical herbicides alone. It includes biological organisms and biologically-based approaches including allelopathy, crop competition, and other cultural practices.

Keywords: Herbicide resistance, Mechanisms of Herbicide Resistance, Bioherbicide, Herbicide mixture

Cite this Article

Bonti Gogoi. Herbicide Resistance in Relation to Weed Management in Crops & Cropping Systems in Reference to North East- Review. Journal of Crop Science and Technology. 2016; 5(2): 41–54p.