Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Ground Water Contamination in Shallow Aquifer of Punjab State With Special Reference to Uranium
Abstract
In Punjab State ground water is in general suitable for drinking uses except at few places in the southern and south western parts where it is not suitable due to high EC or high fluoride or nitrate or combination of all. Almost all ground waters are suitable for irrigation for growing crops like wheat, mustard, rice, barley and maize etc. However, at few places where EC of ground water goes beyond 5000 µS/cm, and SAR is more than 10, water is not suitable for customary irrigation. Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal that occurs in low concentrations in nature. It is present in certain types of soils and rocks, especially granites. High concentration of uranium in the body has been linked to chronic kidney disease. In the state of Punjab, Uranium concentration in 302 drinking water samples has been found to vary between 0–156 μgl−1with an average of 21.94 μgl−1. Data analysis revealed that 74 of 302 samples had uranium concentration higher than recommended safe limit of 30 μgl−1, while 18 of 302samples exceeded the threshold limit of 60 μgl−1 recommended by AERB, DAE, India.
Keywords
References
Coyte, R.M., Jain, R.C., Srivastava, S.K., Sharma, K.C., Khalil, A., Ma, L. and Vengosh, A., 2018. Large-scale uranium contamination of groundwater resources in India. Environmental Science & Technology Letters, 5(6), pp.341-347.
Richards A. Laura, Kumar Arun, Shankar Prabhat, Gaurav Aman, Ghosh Ashok, Polya A. David (2020) Distribution and Geochemical Controls of Arsenic and Uranium in Groundwater-Derived Drinking Water in Bihar, India. International Journal of Environmenta Research and Public Health.
Barry Smith, (2004) Uranium in groundwater, Impacts on health, geochemical exploration and radiate disposal by Earthwise issue 21. British Geological Survey © NERC, pp.18-19
Zamora ML, Tracy BL, Zielinski JM, Meyerhof DP, Moss MA (1998) Chronic ingestion of uranium in drinking water: a study of kidney bioeffects in humans. ToxicolSci 43(1):68–77.
Kurttio P, Auvinen A, Salonen L, Saha H, Pekkanen J, MäkeläinenI, Vaisanen SB, Penttila IM, Komulainen H (2002) Renal effects ofuranium in drinking water. Environ Health Perspect 110(4):337.
M. AlrakabiG.Singh, A.Bhalla, S. Kumar, S.Kumar, A.Srivastava, B. Rai N. Singh J. S. Shahi, D, Mehta, Study of uranium contamination of ground water in Punjab state in India using X-ray fluorescence technique, J RadioanalNucl Chem ( DOI 10.1007/s10967-011-1585-x–Published online), January, 2012
A. Srivastava, M. Maekawa, D. Krupp, A. Negi, R. Gupta1, R. Raj, A. Nagar, F. Knolle, U.W. Scherer, E. Schnug, Study of Uranium Mobilization from Terrestrial to Aquatic Environment using Nuclear Analytical and Conventional ICP-MS Techniques, 15th International Conference on Modern Trends in Activation Analysis (MTAA-15), Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, India, November 17-22, 2019.
Guo, H.; Jia, Y.; Wanty, R.B.; Jiang, Y.; Zhao, W.; Xiu, W.; Shen, J.; Li, Y.; Cao, Y.; Wu, Y.;(2016) Contrasting Distributions of Groundwater Arsenic and Uranium in the Western Hetao Basin, Inner Mongolia: Implication for Origins and Fate Controls. Sci. Total Environ. 541, 1172−1190.
Saha D, Singh BP, Srivastava, SK, Diwedi SN and Mukherjee R Concept Note on geogenic contamination of ground water in India, CGWB, MOWR, GOI Faridabad (2014)
Ground water year Book-2019-20.CGWB, NWR, Chandigarh.
Hydrogeology of Punjab State-2008-09.CGWB, NWR, Chandigarh.
Statistical Abstract of Punjab -2016, Govt.of Punjab.
Aulakh M.S and Malhi S.S (2005). Interactions of nitrogen with other nutrients and water: Effect on crop yield and quality, nutrient use efficiency, carbon sequestration, and environmental pollution.
APHA, AWWA & WEF (2012) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Standard Methods 22nd Edition
WHO (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality 4th edition, Switzerland Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011
AERB (Atomic Energy Regulatory Board). 2004. Directive for Limit on Uranium in Drinking Water, India. Mumbai: Atomic Energy Regulatory Board.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology
eISSN: 2278–2230