Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Bioconversion of Textile Industry Sludge into Soil Enriching Material Through Vermistabilization

Ramu Selvam, Varuna Kumaravel, Infancia Lawrence, Deepa Sankaran, Senthil Kumar Sadasivam

Abstract


Disposal of textile sludge onto the environment imposes deleterious effects on the micro and macroflora. Vermistabilization of sludge could be considered as the pioneering solution for the prevailing concern. In this regard, textile sludge has been admixed with cow dung in the ratio of 1:2 to enhance the suitability of the sludge as growth medium for Eudrilus eugeniae. Various physicochemical and worm growth parameters have been evaluated to discern the efficacy of the vermistabilized product as manure for agricultural applications. The pH of vermistabilized product was measured to be near neutral with the value of 7.10±0.16. The electrical conductivity (EC), total organic carbon (TOC) and Carbon-Nitrogen (C:N) ratio were reduced by 32.02%, 41.26% and 75.07%, respectively. Decline in the values of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), TOC and C:N ratio with an increase in the concentration of macronutrients and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) after vermistabilization revealed the effective stabilization and mineralisation of the nutrients by the cooperative action of E.eugeniae and microbes. Decrease in the heavy metal concentration corroborated the ability of earthworms to transmute toxic elements into non-toxic forms. Maximum reduction was observed for Cadmium (89.18%) among all other heavy metals analysed. The number of cocoons and hatchlings were also found to increase in the provided growth medium. Accordingly, all the experimental data were observed to emphasize the competency of vermistabilization as an alternative for the harmless disposal and conversion of textile sludge into valuable manurial products.

Keywords: textile sludge, vermistabilization, E.eugeniae, manurial products

Cite this Article

Ramu Selvam, Varuna Kumaravel, Infancia Lawrence, Deepa Sankaran, Senthil Kumar Sadasivam. Bioconversion of Textile Industry Sludge into Soil Enriching Material Through Vermistabilization. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Life Sciences. 2019; 9(1):
51–58p.



Full Text:

PDF

References


El‐Rahim WM, Khalil WK, Eshak MG. Genotoxicity studies on the removal of a direct textile dye by a fungal strain, in vivo, using micronucleus and RAPD‐PCR techniques on male rats. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2008; 28(4): 484-90.

Kaushik P, Garg VK. Vermicomposting of mixed solid textile mill sludge and cow dung with the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Bioresour. Technol. 2003; 90(3): 311-6.

Easha NJ, Rahaman MS, Zaman T, et al. Feasibility study of vermicomposting of textile sludge mixed with cow dung and seed germination bioassay for toxicity evaluation of the produced compost. Int. J. Environ. Protect. Pol. 2015; 3(2-1), 27-34.

Sun B, Zhang L, Yang L, Z, et al. Agricultural non-point source pollution in China: causes and mitigation measures. Ambio. 2012; 41(4): 370-9.

Elvira C, Dominguez J, Sampedro L, et al. Vermicomposting for the paper pulp industry. USA: BioCycle . 1995.

Molina MJ, Soriano MD, Ingelmo F, et al. Stabilisation of sewage sludge and vinasse bio-wastes by vermicomposting with rabbit manure using Eisenia fetida. Bioresour. Technol. 2013; 137: 88-97.

Khwairakpam M, Bhargava R. Vermitechnology for sewage sludge recycling. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009; 161(2-3): 948-54.

Bhat SA, Singh J, Vig AP. Potential utilization of bagasse as feed material for earthworm Eisenia fetida and production of vermicompost. Springerplus. 2015; 4(1): 11.

Neuhauser EF, Loehr RC, Malecki MR. The potential of earthworms for managing sewage sludge. Earthworms in waste and environmental management/edited by Clive A. Edwards and Edward F. Neuhauser. 1988.

Malińska K, Zabochnicka-Świątek M, Cáceres R, et al. The effect of precomposted sewage sludge mixture amended with biochar on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida during laboratory vermicomposting. Ecol. Eng. 2016; 90: 35-41.

Kaushik P, Garg VK. Dynamics of biological and chemical parameters during vermicomposting of solid textile mill sludge mixed with cow dung and agricultural residues. Bioresour. Technol. 2004; 94(2): 203-9.

Nelson DW, Sommers L. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter 1. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR, (Eds.). Method of Soil Analysis, Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, 1996.

Bremner JM, Mulvaney RG. Nitrogen total. In: Page AL, Miller RH, Keeney DR(Eds.). Method of Soil Analysis, Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, 1982.

Cáceres R, Coromina N, Malińska K, et al. Evolution of process control parameters during extended co-composting of green waste and solid fraction of cattle slurry to obtain growing media. Bioresour. Technol. 2015; 179: 398-406.

Haimi J, Huhta V. Capacity of various organic residues to support adequate earthworm biomass for vermicomposting. Biol. Fertil. Soils. 1986; 2(1) :23-7.

Yang J, Lv B, Zhang J, Xing M. Insight into the roles of earthworm in vermicomposting of sewage sludge by determining the water-extracts through chemical and spectroscopic methods. Bioresour. Technol. 2014; 154: 94-100.

Ndegwa PM, Thompson SA. Effects of C-to-N ratio on vermicomposting of biosolids. Bioresour. Technol. 2000; 75(1): 7-12.

Suthar S, Gairola S. Nutrient recovery from urban forest leaf litter waste solids using Eisenia fetida. Ecol. Eng. 2014; 71 :660-6.

Suthar S. Pilot-scale vermireactors for sewage sludge stabilization and metal remediation process: comparison with small-scale vermireactors. Ecol. Eng. 2010; 36(5) :703-12.

Loh TC, Lee YC, Liang JB, et al. Vermicomposting of cattle and goat manures by Eisenia foetida and their growth and reproduction performance. Bioresour. Technol. 2005; 96(1): 111-4.

Rajpal A, Arora S, Bhatia A, et al. Co-treatment of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewage by vermireactor. Ecol. Eng. 2014;73 :154-61.

Singh J, Kaur A, Vig AP, et al. Role of Eisenia fetida in rapid recycling of nutrients from bio sludge of beverage industry. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 2010; 73(3): 430-5.

Lasaridi K, Protopapa I, Kotsou M, et al. Quality assessment of composts in the Greek market: the need for standards and quality assurance. J. Environ. Manag. 2006; 80(1): 58-65.

Sharma S. Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic and local species of earthworms. Bioresour. Technol. 2003;90(2) :169-73.

Tognetti C, Mazzarino MJ, Laos F. Improving the quality of municipal organic waste compost. Bioresour. Technol. 2007; 98(5): 1067-76.

Suthar S, Singh S. Feasibility of vermicomposting in biostabilization of sludge from a distillery industry. Science of the total environment. 2008; 394(2-3) :237-43.

Prakash M, Karmegam N. Vermistabilization of pressmud using Perionyx ceylanensis Mich. Bioresour. Technol. 2010; 101(21): 8464-8.

Hait S, Tare V. Vermistabilization of primary sewage sludge. Bioresour. Technol. 2011; 102(3): 2812-20.

Garg VK, Suthar S, Yadav A. Management of food industry waste employing vermicomposting technology. Bioresour. Technol. 2012; 126: 437-43.

Tripathi G, Bhardwaj P. Comparative studies on biomass production, life cycles and composting efficiency of Eisenia fetida (Savigny) and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresour. Technol. 2004; 92(3): 275-83.

Suthar S. Vermicomposting potential of Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in different waste materials. Bioresour. Technol. 2007; 98(6): 1231-7.

Plaza C, Nogales R, Senesi N, et al. Organic matter humification by vermicomposting of cattle manure alone and mixed with two-phase olive pomace. Bioresour. Technol. 2008; 99(11): 5085-9.

Lee KE. Some trends and opportunities in earthworm research or: Darwin's children—the future of our discipline. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 1992; 24(12): 1765-71.

Suthar S. Vermistabilization of municipal sewage sludge amended with sugarcane trash using epigeic Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta). J. Hazard. Mater. 2009;163(1) :199-206.

Edwards CA, Lofty JR. Biology of earthworms. Ed. Arnold, London,1972.

Vig AP, Singh J, Wani SH, et al. Vermicomposting of tannery sludge mixed with cattle dung into valuable manure using earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Bioresour. Technol. 2011; 102(17): 7941-5.

Le Bayon RC, Binet F. Earthworms change the distribution and availability of phosphorous in organic substrates. Soil. Biol. Biochem. 2006; 38(2): 235-46.

Alexander M. Introduction to Soil Microbiology, 2nd edition, New Delhi: Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1961.

Adi AJ, Noor ZM. Waste recycling: Utilization of coffee grounds and kitchen waste in vermicomposting. Bioresour. Technol. 2009; 100(2): 1027-30.

Nayak AK, Varma VS, Kalamdhad AS. Effects of various C/N ratios during vermicomposting of sewage sludge using Eisenia fetida. J Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013; 6(2): 63-78.

Panday R, Basnet BB, Bhatt PS, et al. Bioconcentration of heavy metals in vermicomposting earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Perionyx excavatus and Lampito mauritii) in Nepal. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Food. Sci. 2014

Arillo A, Melodia F. Reduction of hexavalent chromium by the earthworm Eisenia foetida (Savigny). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 1991; 21(1): 92-100.

Gajalakshmi S, Ramasamy EV, Abbasi SA. Composting–vermicomposting of leaf litter ensuing from the trees of mango (Mangifera indica). Bioresour. Technol. 2005; 96(9): 1057-61.

Suthar S. Bioremediation of aerobically treated distillery sludge mixed with cow dung by using an epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida. Environmentalist. 2008; 28(2): 76-84.

Singh J, Kaur A, Vig AP. Bioremediation of distillery sludge into soil-enriching material through vermicomposting with the help of Eisenia fetida. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2014; 174(4): 1403-19.

Fayolle L, Michaud H, Cluzeau D, et al. Influence of temperature and food source on the life cycle of the earthworm Dendrobaena veneta (Oligochaeta). Soil. Biol. Biochem. 1997; 29(3-4): 747-50.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjols.v9i1.1462

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.