Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Study of the Anatomical Characteristics of Cross Sections in two Species of the Genus Schismus of the Poaceae Family in Iraq

Salwa Hamza Hussein Al-hassnawy, Wijdan Kamal Noor Shalan AlQraawy

Abstract


The current research included a comparative anatomical study of two species belonging to the genus Schismus L. is from the Poaceae family and grows wild in Iraq. The two species are Schismus arabicus Nees and Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. The study included anatomical aspects, the study of anatomical characteristics had taxonomic importance in supporting phenotypic traits in diagnosing and isolating the studied species. As the characteristics of the cross-sections of the spikelet Pedicels were studied, as the sections were circular or semi-circular in shape, and half of them were solid and the other half were hollow. Thus, this characteristic was useful in isolating the two species of genus Schismus by separating the species S. arabica with a solid spikelet Pedicels from the species S. barbatus, which was hollow, as well. The results of the study of the cross-sections of the vegetative parts showed that they contain two tissues, parenchyma and sclerenchyma, and that the method of distribution and arrangement of these tissues varied between the different plant parts and at the level of the studied species. The cross-sections of the vesicles of the two genus studied contained vascular bundles of the closed and lateral type. Although they were scattered within the primary tissue, they were distinguished by three patterns of arrangement, The first is represented by small bundles close to the periphery of the Pedicels, Minor or peripheral vascular bundles, as they are submerged in the sclerenchyma tissue under the epidermis, The second is represented by the major vascular bundles or major vascular bundles, which are immersed in the parenchymal tissue, while the third is represented by the vascular bundles that lie between these two arrangements, as the vascular bundles are connected at their apex to the sclerenchyma tissue under the epidermis, while they are surrounded from their sides and the base by the parenchymal tissue, and they are also major bundles. The differentiation of the vascular elements of the wood is more evident in the main bundles than in the peripheral bundles.

Keywords


Genus schismus, spikelet pedicels, cross sections, poaceae

Full Text:

PDF

References


Brown, R. (1810). Epacrideae. Prodromus florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, 1,162-171. J. Johnson: London.

Pirie, M.D., Humphreys, A.M., Galley, C., Barker, N.P., Verboom, G.A., Orlovich, D., Draffin, S.J., Lloyd, K., Baeza, C.M., Negritto, M., Ruiz, E.,Cota Sanchez J.H., Reimer, E., & Linder, H.P. (2008). A novel superma-trix approach improves resolution of phylogenetic relationships ina comprehensive sample of danthonioid grasses. Mol. Phylogenet.Evol. 48(4):1106–1119pp.

Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017). "Aworldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 55 (4): 259–290pp.

Gould, F. W. (1951). Grasses of the southwestern United States. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Arizona .397 pp.

Wodehouse, R. P. (1971). The phylogenetic value of pollen–grain characters. Annals of Botany(XLII CLXVIII): 891 – 934

Darke, R. (2007). The Encyclopedia of Grasses of Livable Landscapes. Timber Press, Inc. USA. pp. 33-45.

Chapman, G.P. (2002). The Biology of Grasses. Antony Rowe Limited, East bourne. UK. pp.273.

Gibson, D. J. (2009). Grasses and Grassland Ecology. Oxford University. Press. Oxford, New York. 16(5). 21-34pp.

Esau, K. (1974). Anatomy of Seed Plants. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 3(16): 284-288pp.

Cutler, D.F.; Botha, T. and Stevenson, D. W. (2007). Plant Anatomy An Applied Approach. Blackwell Publishing. USA. pp. 301.

AL- Gara'awi, N. I. T. (2005). Morphological and Anatomical study of the genus Echinochlooa L.(Gramineae). In Iraq. M.Sc. Thesis. University of Karbala. (in arabic).

Evert, R. F. (2006). Esau's Plant Anatomy, 3ed. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New gersey. 601 pp.

Beck, C. B. (2010). An Introduction to Plant Structure and Development, 2ed. Cambridge University. Press. New York. 441 pp.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/rrjols.v13i1.3678

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.