Evaluation and Morphological Diversity Study of Table Banana (Musa spp.) Genotypes at Jamalpur Region of Bangladesh

Abstract

Twenty-one table banana genotypes viz. Amrit Sagar, BARI Kola-1, Basrai, Binisuta, Champa, Dudsagar, Ganasundari, Grandnaine, ITC-1262, ITC-1310, ITC-1319, ITC-1320, ITC-1332, ITC-1441, ITC-570, Kabri, Kanaibashi, Lakatan, Madna, Sabri, and Sagar, were studied to evaluate the performance of yield and yield contributing characters and morphological diversity at the fruit farm and fruit characteristics were studied in the laboratory of the Horticulture Research Centre, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Jamalpur, Bangladesh during March 2013 to April 2014. There were significant variations among the table banana genotypes in terms of all vegetative growth characters, flowering characters, harvesting time, yield contributing characters, qualitative characters, post-harvest quality, and fruit yield characters. Plant height at shooting varied from 1.53 to 3.69 m, where Sagar got the shortest and Ganasundari the tallest plant. Ganasundari produced the height base girth (64.54 cm) as compared to the lowest base girth in Kanaibashi (45.42 cm). The maximum number of leaves was obtained from Sagar (11.45) whereas; Lakatan produced minimum leaves (4.78). The highest days required for harvest (366.17) in Kabri genotype whereas the lowest days for harvest (306.67) in Amrit Sagar genotype. The Amrit Sagar genotype is considered a short duration variety as compared to long duration genotype Champa. BARI Kola-1 exhibited the highest bunch weight (17.53 kg) as compared to the lowest in Binisuta (6.99 kg). The highest number of hands per bunch was recorded in ITC-1441 (9.84) and the least in Kanaibashi (5.09). The genotype ITC-1441 got the highest number of fingers per bunch (149.99) whereas; Kanaibashi got the lowest fingers (57.79). Finger length ranged from 10.43 to 17.66 cm. Fruit diametric was found to be maximum in Ganasundari (4.69 cm) as against the minimum in ITC-1319 (3.04 cm). Individual finger weight was manifested maximum in Ganasundari (156.10 g) and minimum finger weight in Champa (67.77 g). The genotypes Basrai, Binisuta, Champa, ITC-1310, ITC-1441, Kabri, Lakatan, and Sabri resulted in the small-sized fingers. The highest weight of skin of individual finger (27.00 g) was observed in Ganasundari whereas the lowest in Kabri (12.00 g). The parameter weight of skin of an individual finger is directly proportioned to the edible portion. The genotype ITC-1320 was contributed to the highest edible portion (87.00%) and the Lakatan had the lowest (66.51%). The most important qualitative character of any fruit is TSS. Maximum TSS (25.17%) exhibited in the genotype Basrai and minimum TSS (17.00%) in ITC-1332. The prolonged shelf life (7.50 days) was observed in ITC-1232 and Sabri genotypes and the shortest shelf life was observed in ITC-1320 (3.75 days). Normally, prolonged shelf life is preferable by consumers. The highest fruit yield was recorded in BARI Kola-1 (43.36 t/ha) followed by ITC-1320 (37.53 t/ha) as compared to the lowest yield in Binisuta (17.46 t/ha). Principal component analysis of table banana genotypes was accomplished for the identification of characteristics with better capability for selection of the genotypes. Cluster analysis of table banana genotypes was also finalized to arrange the genotypes into five homogeneous groups and it confirmed the clustering pattern of principal component analysis. The Pearson correlation also determined among the characters studied of table banana genotypes. The yield of the table banana genotypes demonstrated a tough positive and significant correlation with base girth, bunch weight, bunch length, bunch breadth, peduncle weight, number of hands per bunch, the weight of the individual hand, number of fingers per bunch, finger length, finger diameter, individual finger weight, and edible portion. The results focused that improvement of these characters can contribute to increase in the yield of the crop.

Keywords: Cluster analysis, correlation, evaluation, genotype, growth, morphological diversity, principal component analysis, table banana, yield

Cite this Article

H. Rahman, A. Akter. Evaluation and Morphological Diversity Study of Table Banana (Musa spp.) Genotypes at Jamalpur Region of Bangladesh. OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal. 2019; 9(2): 13–24p.