Review on UV – Visible Spectroscopy and HPLC

Abstract

Like Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy is used to determine the purity of pharmaceutical compounds. Many substances have chromospheres, which absorb certain wavelengths of ultraviolet or visible light. Using the Beer–Lambert equation, the absorption of spectra obtained from these samples at given wavelengths can be directly related to the sample concentration. Normally, UV and UV-visible spectra are recorded at high and low pH, and the results of both are compared to recognized standards for the sample in issue UV-visible is a low-cost, simple technology that provides for sample recovery and good separation of pure chemicals without derivatization. For street samples with complicated mixtures, it is less useful. In physical and analytical chemistry, spectroscopy is frequently used to identify chemicals by looking at the spectrum they emit or absorb. Astronomy and remote sensing both use spectroscopy extensively. Spectrometers are used in most large telescopes, and they are used to determine the chemical composition and physical attributes of celestial objects, as well as to calculate their velocities using the Doppler Shift of their spectral lines. Absorption spectroscopy includes UV-Visible spectroscopy. For qualitative, quantitative, and structural study of a material in solution, absorption spectroscopy in the UV-visible region is one of the oldest and most widely used techniques in pharmaceutical analysis. The spectrum created by the substance due to absorption of various wavelengths of UV-visible light is studied. Visible light behaves similarly to UV light spectroscopically. As a result, UV and visible spectroscopic techniques are researched in tandem. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) is a separation technique that can be used to examine chemicals in a variety of samples. It is possible to choose the type of HPLC according on the nature, chemical structure, and molecular weight of the analytes. In this regard, various types of HPLC have arisen to provide qualitative and quantitative data on individual components of the material under investigation. Detecting manipulations and fraudulence for profiting, circumventing the law imposed in the interest of food authenticity, requires understanding of these types of components. The purpose of this chapter is to describe HPLC principles and procedures as a tool for qualitative and/or quantitative identification of components present in a sample that might be used as fingerprints in the authentication process. HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) is a critical qualitative and quantitative technique for estimating pharmaceutical and biological substances. It is the most versatile, safest, most reliable, and fastest chromatographic approach for drug component quality control. The purpose of this article was to discuss several aspects of HPLC, such as the principle, kinds, apparatus, and applications.