Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Effect of Short-term Exposure of Agrochemical Constituents (Nitrate, Nitrite, Phosphate and Potassium) on Survival of Fingerlings of Guppy Fish, Poecilia reticulata

Samartha D.K., Sarjan H.N.

Abstract


Increased use of agrochemicals enhances eutrophication and thereby inducing hypoxic condition which adversely affects aquatic flora and fauna. Present study was aimed to investigate the effects of short-term exposure of different concentration of nitrate (NO3), nitrite (NO2), phosphate (PO4) and potassium (K) on survival of Guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata. Fingerlings of Poecilia reticulata were exposed to increasing concentration (1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 mg/L) of NO3, NO2, PO4 andK separately under laboratory condition for 48 hours. After the treatment period, the percentage mortality of fingerlings was calculated from each treatment group. The behavioral alterations were analyzed during the experimental period. Exposure of different concentration of NO3, NO2, PO4 andK caused mortality of fingerlings, wherein highest mortality was observed at higher concentration. The dose dependent increase in mortality was observed in different concentration of NO2 whereas NO3, PO4 andK did not resulted any dose dependent effects. The present study indicated that short term exposure of lower concentration of agrochemicals can induce mortality of early stages of fishes. Therefore, the study reflects on the need of safe measures to prevent the entry of agrochemicals to natural aquatic ecosystem, thereby loss of aquatic fauna can be prevented.


Keywords


Mortality, Nitrate, Nitrite, Poecilia reticulata, Phosphate, Potassium.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Onyango J. Agricultural nutrients and pesticide pollution in aquatic ecosystems, with policy implications. Research and Reviews: Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences. 2018; 6 (4): 1–10p.

Kanu, Ijeoma, and O.K. Achi. "Industrial effluents and their impact on water quality of receiving rivers in Nigeria." Journal of applied technology in environmental sanitation 1.1 (2011): 75–86.

Joseph, Baby, and S. Justin Raj. "Impact of pesticide toxicity on selected biomarkers in fishes." International Journal of Zoological Research 7.2 (2011): 212.

Diaz, Robert J., and Denise L. Breitburg. "The hypoxic environment." Fish physiology. Vol. 27. Academic Press, 2009. 1-23.

Koelmans, A.A., et al. "Integrated modelling of eutrophication and organic contaminant fate & effects in aquatic ecosystems. A review." Water Research 35.15 (2001): 3517–3536.

Axton, Elizabeth R., et al. "Treatment with nitrate, but not nitrite, lowers the oxygen cost of exercise and decreases glycolytic intermediates while increasing fatty acid metabolites in exercised zebrafish." The Journal of nutrition 149.12 (2019): 2120–2132.

Logan, Christiana R. "Nitrate and Nitrite Differentially Affect Respiration in Zebrafish During Exercise." (2018).

García-Jaramillo, Manuel, et al. "Nitrate and nitrite exposure leads to mild anxiogenic-like behavior and alters brain metabolomic profile in zebrafish." PloS one 15.12 (2020): e0240070.

Moore, Adrian P., and Robert B. Bringolf. "Comparative toxicity of nitrate to common and imperiled freshwater mussel glochidia and larval fishes." Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 78.4 (2020): 536–544.

Gomez Isaza, Daniel F., Rebecca L. Cramp, and Craig E. Franklin. "Exposure to nitrate increases susceptibility to hypoxia in fish." Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 94.2 (2021): 124–142.

Kumar, R., R. Kumar, and O. Prakash. "The Impact of Chemical Fertilizers on our Environment and Ecosystem Chapter-5 The Impact of Chemical Fertilizers on Our Environment and Ecosystem. 2019."

Kremser, Ulrich, and Ewald Schnug. "Impact of fertilizers on aquatic ecosystems and protection of water bodies from mineral nutrients." Landbauforschung Volkenrode 52.2 (2002): 81–90.

Camargo, Julio A., Alvaro Alonso, and Annabella Salamanca. "Nitrate toxicity to aquatic animals: a review with new data for freshwater invertebrates." Chemosphere 58.9 (2005): 1255–1267.

Rubin, Alan J., and G.A. Elmaraghy. "Studies on the toxicity of ammonia, nitrate and their mixtures to guppy fry." Water Research 11.10 (1977): 927–935.

Trivedi, S.P., et al. "Evaluation of hematotoxic effects of two commonly used fertilizers, diammonium phosphate and urea, on fish Clarias batrachus." Ecotoxicology and environmental safety 19.2 (1990): 135-142.

Rodrigues, Ricardo V., et al. "Acute exposure of juvenile cobia Rachycentron canadum to nitrate induces gill, esophageal and brain damage." Aquaculture 322 (2011): 223–226.

Lewis Jr, William M., and Donald P. Morris. "Toxicity of nitrite to fish: a review." Transactions of the American fisheries society 115.2 (1986): 183–195.

Kroupova, Hana, J. Machova, and Z. Svobodova. "Nitrite influence on fish: a review." Veterinarni medicina-praha- 50.11 (2005): 461.

Reynolds, John D., and Henri P. Guillaume. "Effects of phosphate on the reproductive symbiosis between bitterling and freshwater mussels: implications for conservation." Journal of Applied Ecology 35.4 (1998): 575–581.

Horng, Jiun-Lin, et al. "Potassium regulation in medaka (Oryzias latipes) larvae acclimated to fresh water: passive uptake and active secretion by the skin cells." Scientific reports 7.1 (2017): 1–14.

Strauch, Sebastian M., et al. "Effects of ortho-phosphate on growth performance, welfare and product quality of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Fishes 4.1 (2019): 3.

Jensen, Frank B. "Nitrite disrupts multiple physiological functions in aquatic animals." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 135.1 (2003): 9–24.

Wang, Ning, et al. "Acute and chronic toxicity of sodium nitrate and sodium sulfate to several freshwater organisms in water‐only exposures." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39.5 (2020): 1071-1085.

Shimura, Ryuji, et al. "Nitrate toxicity on visceral organs of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes: aiming to raise fish from egg to egg in space." Biological Sciences in Space 18.1 (2004): 7–12.

Stormer, Jan, Frank B. Jensen, and J. Cliff Rankin. "Uptake of nitrite, nitrate, and bromide in rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss): effects on ionic balance." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 53.9 (1996): 1943–1950.

Svobodova, Zdenka, et al. "Haematological and biochemical profiles of carp blood following nitrite exposure at different concentrations of chloride." Aquaculture Research 36.12 (2005): 1177–1184.

Michael, M.I., et al. "Serum transaminases activity and histopathological changes in Clarias lazera chronically exposed to nitrite." Comparative Biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative Pharmacology and Toxicology 86.2 (1987): 255–262.

Jensen FB. "Nitrite and red cell function in carp: control factors for nitrite entry, membrane potassium ion permeation, oxygen affinity and methaemoglobin formation." Journal of Experimental Biology 152.1 (1990): 149–166.

Knudsen, P.K., and F.B. Jensen. "Recovery from nitrite-induced methaemoglobinaemia and potassium balance disturbances in carp." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 16.1 (1997): 1–10.

Kim, Eunju, et al. "Aquatic toxicity assessment of phosphate compounds." Environmental health and toxicology 28 (2013).

Kantham, K.P.L., and R.H. Richards. "Effect of buffers on the gill structure of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)." Journal of fish diseases 18.5 (1995): 411–423.

Wenzel, Lisa Carolina, et al. "Effects of dissolved potassium on growth performance, body composition, and welfare of juvenile african catfish (Clarias gariepinus)." Fishes 6.2 (2021): 11.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Research & Reviews: Journal of Ecology

eISSN: 2278–2230