Do Dark Galaxies Exist in the Universe?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37591/.v8i1.1698Abstract
As huge islands of stars, gas and dust that populate the universe in groups and clusters. But the theory has predicted that some galaxies, called “dark galaxies,” have few if any stars and are made predominately of dense gas and dark matter. Because they are devoid of stars, dark galaxies have been impossible to detect directly by optical telescope until now. Some theoretical models predicted that dark galaxies were common in the early universe almost 11 billion years ago when galaxies had more difficulty in forming stars.
Keywords: Dark galaxies, dark matter, virgo clusters
Cite this Article
Rupak Bhattacharya, Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, Upasana Bhattacharya, Ritwik Bhattacharya, Rupsa Bhattacharya, Ayshi Mukherjee, Dalia Mukherjee, Hindole Banerjee, Runa Mitra. Do Dark Galaxies Exist in the Universe?. Research & Reviews: Journal of Space Science & Technology. 2019; 8(1): 1–3p.
Author Biography
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Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, Professor of Department of Pathology Calcutta School of Tropical medicine 108, ChittaRanjan Avenue ; kolkata -700073 West Bengal India under department of Health and family welfare of Government of West Bengal UNder West Bengal university of Health sciences
Achievement and Biography of Prof. Dr.Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, WBMES( DOB -1956)
Prof. Dr.Pranab Kumar Bhattacharya, WBMES
Professor, Dept. of Pathology, (On Deputation)
Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine,
108,C.R.Avenue, Kolkata 700 073, West Bengal
Department of Health and Family Welfare
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN
MBBS from The Medical College, Kolkata”, University of Calcutta, W.B(year january 1981); M.D (in Pathology) fromInstitute of PostGraduate Medical Education & Researchof University of Calcutta (year December 1989), Fellows of Indian College of Pathology (year december 1997), Presently working as “Professor”(on deputation)at Department of Pathology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal & Professor of Pathology at Murshidabad Medical College, Berhampore , West Bengal India. He was Ex-Professor and Ex- Head of Pathology at Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine and Ex supervisor , convener ,member of Board of Studies for UG/PG/PD and D.C.P (at Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine) course of West Bengal University of Health Sciences (WBUHS); also Ex Professor & Head of Pathology at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, The Medical College, Kolkata. He was Additional Professor in pathology at IPGME&R Kolkata and was Professor of West Bengal University of Health Sciences(WBUHS) at University college of Medicine ,Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal ( in 2011 ) . He acquired vast teaching, administrative and also diplomatic experiences in Government services (Both in WBHS and in WBMES),under the Health and Family Welfare department of West Bengal government ,Swasthya Bhavan, Salt lake city, Kolkata -93 , spanning more than three and half decades (36 years).He also have credited himself as very much popular and one of the most knowledgeable MCI Recognized Doctoral /Post Graduate teacher( Teacher NO- PAT-900415 ); Examiner; MD /PhD Thesis Guide and Adjudicators in discipline Pathology in this country/as well in the state of West Bengal and worked as teacher in Pathology in all capacities in previous five tire promotional system of WBMES cadre in West Bengal state of India he still belongs . He has been regularly publishing most spectacular and excellent scientific articles, as Editorials / Review articles/ case reports / as comments / Rapid responses published/ Responses/ Letters to the Editor / Electronic letters/ correspondences/ and his original research papersin Indian National level and of International level reputed, external double blinded peer reviewed, indexed journals of Biomedicine and of Science, like Physics/ Particle Physics/, Theoretical Physics/, Space Sciences, Astronomy / Astrophysics/ Astrobiology journals with very high or topmost impact factors by Reuter Thomson /ISI/Copernicus/Excerpta Medicus or Elsevier Science/ Researchgate/ Pub Facts/ Pub-lon/ Pubmed / Google scholar/ science Gate with his tween sibling brothers Mr.Rupak Bhattachrya, Mr. Ritwick Bhattacharya , his sister Mrs Dalia Mukherjee and his only daughter Miss Upasana Bhattacharyaunder hisown Intellectual Property Rights (all acts and laws) Copyright as a registered personal , RDF Copyright , PIP Copyright-2012 USA and in Copyright works, USA . He published 305 Research papers/articlesin various journal of National and International repute and in National and International conferences of academic body as Abstracts.
He has more than 256 citations references of his published articles in International Journals; MD/ MS Thesis of WBUHS / or University of Calcutta and in books chapters by various international authors. He owns a blog in his name at Google blogs spot with more than 221 posts by himself and his Associate authors . Average viewers of his free blogs articles published are 90000 every year. from all over the world.
He was recipient of several (09) Medals , Prizes of University of Calcutta, 94 Certificates of merits , and Medals of college , and of various academic bodies ,Organizations and many Guest speakers, Chairpersons , Judges of free and award papers presentation certificates including certificate of his excellences.He is recipient of “Rashtriya Gaurav Award of India” (conferred to him 2016 August) and” Glory of India Award”( conferred 2016 October), Bharat Ratna Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Award for Excellence in Astronomy, Theoretical physics ( conferred 2017 January) ; Mother Teresa Peace Prize (conferred 2017 May);Mahatma Gandhi Excellence award (conferred 4th October 2017) from India International Friendship Society (IIFS) of New Delhi, India, and Bangkok Thailand in 2016 and 2017. He was awarded Best Citizen of India award ( 2017) He is selected for Rashtriya Pratibha( for most Talented Personality in India) Award of Indo Socio Development Association( March 2018) ; He was Selected for I-Proclaim Annual Research Awards - 2017 as Lifetime Achievement (Awards for Publication Excellence) in Medical Sciences & Lifetime Achievement (Awards for Publication Citation) Medical Sciences at Kuala lumPur From ABC Malaysia International Accreditation Authority( IAA Education India Summit & Awards - New delhi)for best faculty award ( January 2018 ) (but he declined to receive that). He was awarded EET CRS 3rd South Asian Education Award 2018 “Best Faculty Award”. He was awarded for “Life Time Achivement award of IARDO” kota new delhi ( multi Diciplinary Resreach and latest Innovation organized by International Association of Research and developed Organisation (IARDO) 2018 . He Has been Awarded the “Distinguished Researchers award 2018” of International institute of Organized Research of Chandigarh He has been awarded “ the Excellance of Pathology” award-2019 of Venus International Medical awards (VIMA) of Venus international foundation chennai at 2nd international Medical suumit in hotel park hyatt chennain in April2019 “ He has been nominated for Right livelihood award- (Alternative Nobel prize) 2018-2021 by AdamMc Beth of Right Livelihood foundation Geneva . He has been nominated for Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum knowledge award (2018) of Government of AUE, SIAA-2019 award of ASDF ( Association of Scientists, Developers and Faculties) and Bharat Gaurav award-2019 of Bharat Gaurav Foundation . He has been nominated for IERP Excellance in General pathology award of International Society for Contemporary Medical Research (ISfCMR) . He was nominatedfor the highest Awards( special Endowment Medal) like “Coates Medal” of University of Calcutta ( year 1999-2000); “Ranbaxy Research Award ( 2011)” ; “Padmashree”- Indian highest Civil national award; BMJ Best Research Award and LaL Bahadur Shastri National Award ( in 2017);; He applied and was officially nominated before the selection and search committees for the Prestigious Posts of “ The Director of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi ( in year 2013 & in year 2016); Director of Medical Education Services of West Bengal State [ WBMES cadre] (in 2017 ) and Vice chancellor of WBUHS (in year 2012) West Bengal . He is member or life member of many ( 30) international organizations and acted as nominator for the Prizes; member of the Royal Swedish academy ofSciences ; member & nominator for Kavoli foundations , Norway, for Theoretical physics ; nominator for BMJ best awards ; Ependroff prize of American Association for Advancement of Science; Nature Networks community member of Nobel Peace Prize Forum, Oslo ; member of International Peace Bauru (Indian Division); Nominator for Emeritus Professor of National Board of Examinations New Delhi ; Community Members of “The Guardian” Newspaper UK ; World literature Today ; OutLook India; OPen magazine DISQUES; Wall Street Journal USA ; member of cosmoquest forum org ; BAD Astronomy and Universe Today USA , Plos one ; Faculty Rows USA as Super Professor ; RAFT (I path) to name a few such . He acted as external peer reviewer or Associate Editor or Editorial Board members of many International journals of high repute for Biomedical Sciences including of Pathology and Thesis guide, Adjudicators, Paper setters , External / Internal examiner of DM/ Mch / MD/DCP/PhD/MBBS courses of WBUHS and other many universities of the country India outside the state of West Bengal .He was the member and Member Secretary of Board of Studies( BOS) of WBUHS both for UG and PG courses in pathology. He is the eldest son of Late Mr. Bholanath Bhattacharya B. Com(honors) University of Calcutta; FCA; SAS ( 1926-2009) and Late Mrs. Bani Bhattacharya ( 1935-2006) of 7/51 Purbapalli, P.O: Sodepur, Dist.24 Parganas (North), Kolkata-110 West Bengal and father of Miss Upasana Bhattacharya who is also his co authors in almost all publications .His spouse is Mrs .Sumita Bhattacharya BSc ; MBA now a Ph.D scholar at JIS University, Agarpara west Bengal in the management science- Aguest Faculty there and EX- employee ( retired] of LIC india . He lives presently at mahamayatala Garia Kolkata-700084
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Official Signature of Professor Dr Pranab kumar Bhattacharya WBMES with passport size photograph
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Official Signature of Professor Dr Pranab kumar Bhattacharya WBMES with passport size photograph
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