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An Overview on Recycling of Agricultural Residues and Organic Wastes Converts into Valuable Organic Fertilizers through Microorganisms: Indian Perspective
Abstract
India generates huge amount of organic wastes from agricultural sector, due to rapid urbanization and increasing population growth. Farmers have a lake of knowledge about the recycling processes and utilizing the strategy of this waste. An attempt is made to this review the processes by which these wastes can be converted into environmental friendly products using different microorganisms and earthworms. Composting and vermicomposting are suggested practice recycling agricultural waste to convert highly efficient organic fertilizers. Various microorganisms (mesophilic (20° to 45°C) and thermophilic (45° to 75°C)) play an important role in recycling agricultural residues and biodegradation of organic waste in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Microorganisms such as fungi (White root fungi, Brown root fungi and Trichoderma sp.), bacteria (Pseudomonas sp.) and actinomycetes are used for conversion of organic waste to organic fertilizer with high-quality. Several components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are present in the crop residues and they are degraded by degradable microbes. Organic fertilizers have their inherent contributes to improve plant growth (plant nutrients), improve soil properties, reduce plant diseases and prevent soil erosion. The efficiency of compost is determined by numerous parameters includes moisture content (25-70%), pH (5.5-8.5), temperature (45ºC to 55ºC), C/N ratio (26 - 35), microbial activities, nutrients and metal content. This present study provides complete knowledge on suitable ways to recycling of agricultural wastes, composting process, organic fertilizers, solution for sustainable agriculture and organic farming.
Keywords
References
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