Uses Patterns of Pesticides by Rice Cultivators in Murshidabad District of West Bengal with Special Emphasis on Khargram, Nabagram and Sagardighi Community Development Blocks

Abstract

Background: Agriculture is the main occupation of Murshidabad. Varieties of crops, like paddy (Aus, Aman, and Boro), jute, wheat, mustard, potato, sugarcane, pulses, and different types of vegetables are produced in considerable amounts throughout the year in the district. Resource-poor farmers use pesticides as advised by the shopkeeper, who has little or no knowledge of pesticides. The indiscriminate use of pesticides causes great risks to the environment and our health. Objectives: To explore: the use pattern of pesticides by rice cultivators in the study area; the use of banned pesticides in the district; the awareness level of the farmers on the ill effects caused by pesticides; the use of traditional knowledge of plant protection; whether the pesticide dealers in the study area possess the requisite educational qualifications; and whether the pesticide dealers need training. Materials and Methods: Farmers and pesticide dealers in the study area were interviewed to collect data. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. A telephonic interview was also used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: Gross unawareness among farmers was found about banned and restricted pesticides. They use pesticides without adequate safety measures. They do not seek the advice of experts as to which pesticides are to be used when and in what doses. They rely mostly on their fellow farmers and pesticide dealers. 52% of farmers have education up to class VIII; 22% have passed higher secondary; and 16% are up to only class X. Only five persons possess the requisite qualification as pesticide dealers as prescribed by the Government of India. Only three pesticide dealers have professional training. Conclusion: Farmers and pesticide dealers need adequate training from the government. NGOs working in this direction may arrange training for the stakeholders for the sake of sustainable development in agriculture. The dissemination of traditional knowledge of plant protection among the young generation is needed. Selling banned, restricted, and highly hazardous pesticides in the market should be strictly stopped. The government should make it compulsory that fertiliser and pesticide companies provide gloves and masks with every product.