The Mechanism of Soil Salinity and Plant Response: An Update Review

Abstract

Abstract

Salinity, the abiotic stress of soil is one of the major concerns for agriculture and sustainable development. It affects large terrestrial areas including arable land. That’s why agricultural productivity is reducing day by day. The main remedy lies within the development of salt tolerant crops. In this respect, coordinated and tissue-specific processes like osmotic tolerance, K⁺ accumulation in cytoplasm, Cl⁻ tolerance, Na⁺ exclusion, tissue tolerance etc. throughout the life cycle of a plant enable it’s to grow on salinity affected soils. Regulation of Na⁺, Cl⁻ and K⁺ transporters as well as SOS pathway and subsequent changes in [Ca²⁺]cyt and [pH]cyt and vacuolar pH for the adaptation of Na⁺ homeostasis in cytosol are responsible for maintaining salinity tolerance. An update schematic review has been revealed here which will help the researchers to provide exciting prospects for ameliorating the impact of salinity stress on plants and improving the tolerable varieties that may play a significant role on agricultural and environmental sustainability.

Keywords: salinity, mechanism, cytosolic balance